Abstract
With the global population aging, the incidence of age-related chronic degenerative bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, continues to rise, leading to an increased risk of bone defects. Traditional treatment methods face several limitations, including a shortage of graft materials and incomplete or unsatisfactory repair. Bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising strategy for addressing these challenges by developing bioactive scaffolds with porous architectures. These scaffolds not only provide mechanical support but also enhance angiogenesis and promote cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Among various fabrication methods, 3D printing has gained prominence due to its ability to precisely control scaffold geometry and internal pore architecture, closely mimicking the complex structures of native bone. Simultaneously, advancements in nanotechnology have enabled the design of scaffolds with improved mechanical properties and biological functionalities, such as controlled drug release and bioactive surface modification. The integration of 3D printing with nanotechnology holds great potential for fabricating multifunctional scaffolds for bone regeneration and repair. In parallel, recent breakthroughs in cell biology, especially in the use of pluripotent stem cells, have enabled the creation of tissue- and organ-like constructs with increasing functional relevance. These advances are driven by collaborative efforts across multiple disciplines. Although bioprinted constructs have not yet reached routine clinical use, ongoing research is steadily overcoming existing barriers. This review highlights the recent developments in bioprinting technologies and their application in tissue and organ engineering, emphasizing the need to explore developmental-stage mimicking strategies for more effective and translational outcomes in regenerative medicine.
Biography
Rajendra K. Singh completed his M.Sc. from IIT Roorkee in 2004 and his Ph.D. from IIT Guwahati in 2009. He pursued postdoctoral research (2010–2013) and served as a research professor (2014–2022) at Dankook University, South Korea. Since 2023, he has been an assistant professor at ITREN, Dankook University. He has published over 90 peer-reviewed papers and holds 16 patents. His work has received 9,752 citations (h-index: 44; i10-index: 139). His research focuses on nanomaterials, scaffolds, therapeutics, and cell–biomaterial interactions for tissue regeneration and cancer theranostics.
