Abstract
This study introduces a synthesis of a novel β-CD derivative functionalized with triphenylphosphonium groups, designed for use as a sensing layer in an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-based sensor. This sensor enables selective detection of perchlorate ions in drinking water at trace levels. It is the first use of a phosphonium salt-functionalized β-CD polymer (β-CDP) as a highly selective sensing membrane for monitoring the safety of drinking water against ClO₄^– using EIS. Structural confirmation via NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies combined with AFM and contact angle measurements demonstrates how the enhanced solubility of modified cyclodextrin improves thin film quality. The innovation lies in the synergistic combination of two detection mechanisms: the “Host-Guest” inclusion in the cyclodextrin cavity and anionic exchange between the bromide ions of the phosphonium groups and perchlorate anions. Under optimized conditions, EIS reveals high sensitivity and selectivity, achieving a low detection limit (LOD) of ~10^-12 M and a wide linear range (10^-11 M-10^-4 M). Real water sample analysis confirms the sensor’s practical applicability

Abstract

Knowledge gaps in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) exist in the Nigerian Aquaculture among key stakeholders which include fish farmers,sellers,handlers, processors,fishery students and scientists,consumers, veterinarians, microbiologists, crop farmers and scientists,public health and environmental health officers, policy makers and regulators.Nigeria is the largest producer of aquaculture products in  Sub Saharan Africa producing over1.2 million metric tons of fish annually out of which catfish farming constitutes about 80%. Aquatic pollution is one of the greatest challenges to Nigeria’s aquaculture usually as a result of unregulated practices with the disposal of fish and other wastes and use of antibiotics being the major causes of water pollution.The relationship between integrated fish farming systems with land,human population and food processing creates a cycle for the transmission of resistant bacteria, making AMR a great challenge in these sectors.. Studies carried out in Southeast Nigeria among some fish stakeholders show that the region serves as a significant reservoir of genetically diverse multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus with high range virulence profiles, indicating the necessity of integrating surveillance with targeted intervention under the One Health Concept.The local fish sector which is often neglected in zoonotic risk evaluation may contribute to the environmental dissemination of human adapted S. aureus strains during fish handling and processing.A similar study evaluated the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in cultured and captured Clarias gariepinus showed that 38 bacterial isolates belonging to 5 different species were identified, ranging from S.aureus (26%) coli (21%), Aeromonas and Pseudomonas (18%),Salmonella enterica (16%) Mitigating strategies against AMR in Nigeria and other Low and medium income Countries through aquatic animal health education involves proactive promotion and dissemination of information concerning AMR,its causes,effects and  control measures to designated stakeholders associated with the One Health approach to AMR in aquaculture.

Abstract
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), native to South America, is among the world’s most invasive aquatic plants, posing severe threats to freshwater ecosystems by degrading water quality, reducing biodiversity, and obstructing navigation and livelihoods. Monitoring its proliferation and associated impacts on water quality is therefore critical. Remote sensing provides an effective solution, offering broad spatial and temporal coverage with increasing resolution and analytical capability. This systematic review synthesizes research published between 2014 and 2024, focusing on applications of remote sensing for monitoring water hyacinth and water quality. Seventy-eight peer-reviewed studies were identified from Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar following rigorous selection criteria. The studies span 25 countries across five continents, with the majority examining lakes (61.5%), followed by rivers (21%) and wetlands (10.3%). Nearly half (49%) addressed water quality, 42% focused on water hyacinth detection and mapping, and 9% integrated both. Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument (MSI) was the most frequently used sensor (35%), followed by Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) (26%). Multi-sensor fusion approaches particularly combining Sentinel-2 with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) were increasingly employed to improve detection accuracy and spatial detail. Reported accuracies ranged from 74% to 98%, using statistical methods, machine learning classifiers, and deep learning algorithms. Persistent challenges include limited ground-truth datasets, inadequate atmospheric correction, and difficulties in scaling results across diverse ecological contexts. Nevertheless, integrating high-resolution sensors, UAV observations, and advanced analytics such as artificial intelligence and cloud-based platforms shows strong promise for building robust, scalable monitoring systems. These innovations will be vital for supporting early detection, guiding management interventions, and safeguarding freshwater ecosystems against invasive aquatic species.

Abstract
Our study investigated the potential of herbal medicines as alternatives of antibiotics in aquaculture caused by dietary stress and infectious disease from pathogens such as bacteria, parasites and viruses.   Through combination of  in vitro and in vivo experiments, over ten herbal candidates were screened for immunomodulatory and  disease-preventive properties. Application parameters, including optimal dosage and form, were evaluated for each herb Zebrafish were used as a model to study foodborne enteritis and liver metaflammation. The effective herbs were further tested in grass carp, largemouth bass, and shrimp. three aspects were observed. First, anti-metabolic inflammation activity was demonstrated by Hippophae rhamnoides (seabuckthorn), gallic acid, Solidago decurrens Lour., Picria fel-terrae Lour., Terminalia bellirica Roxb., and Osmunda japonica Thunb., which alleviated intestinal atrophy and hepatic lipid accumulation induced by soybean meal. Second, sinomenine and several other herbs enhanced mucosal immunity and balanced intestinal microbiota. These herbs also exhibited antibacterial effects against Aeromonas hydrophila. Third, extracts of T. bellirica Roxb. and O. japonica Thunb. showed anti-parasitic activity against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, and O. japonica Thunb. extract inhibited grass carp reovirus (GCRV). Network pharmacology revealed gallic acid as a PPAR-targeting agent in H. rhamnoides, while hexanorcucurbitacin F in P. fel-terrae Lour. was linked to macrophage function modulation. These findings support the integration of herbal functional additives in aquaculture as sustainable, antibiotic-free solutions for disease prevention and immune enhancement.