Abstract

In a context where aquaculture continues to grow, it is essential to understand how culture conditions influence fish health. The welfare of red tilapia Oreochromis sp. fingerlings was assessed in two culture systems, biofloc and land-based ponds, over a 30-day period through skin mucus-associated biomarkers, such as protein, glucose, lactate, and the hormone cortisol, in addition to their relationships with protein, seeking a comprehensive view of the physiological state and welfare of these fish. The results reveal that the biofloc system offers a more conducive environment for welfare, evidenced by higher protein levels in the mucus and lower contents of cortisol and lactate, compounds widely associated with animal stress. This emphasizes the direct relationship between the culture environment and the health of the fish and highlights epidermal mucus as a valuable bioindicator. It is also important to note that improving fish welfare favors their growth and health and promotes more sustainable aquaculture practices, contributing to more efficient and responsible production in the industry. Statistical analysis: For the variables of importance, descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation, minimum and maximum value, and number of data) were estimated in general and discriminated by treatment.

Abstract

Inland low-salinity shrimp culture is widely practiced in many countries worldwide, including Brazil, the United States, Thailand, and China. Most inland shrimp farming is conducted in extensive pond systems at low densities using groundwater. However, there are few cases of high-density shrimp production at low salinities. The case studies present successful performance of high-density shrimp production utilizing biofloc technology in Ouargla, located in the Sahara Desert and Kuwait Desert. These regions experience extreme conditions, with temperatures soaring up to 45°C and annual evaporation rates 70 to 85 times greater than rainfall. This creates a challenging environment compared to other countries where inland shrimp farming is conducted. Biofloc technology (BFT) has recently gained significant attention as a sustainable method for shrimp farming. In regions where water is scarce and the climate is arid, BFT offers an ideal solution for sustainable aquaculture, as it only requires the system to be replenished with water lost to evaporation. The case studies present valuable insights into the development of inland shrimp farming in arid areas such as the Sahara and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. It also highlights the current status of commercial shrimp farming using biofloc systems in Korea.

Abstract
Advanced nanobiotechnology offers unprecedented opportunities for developing innovative dermocosmetic solutions through sustainable microalgae biotechnology. This research explores the comprehensive development of a 100% natural dermocosmetic cream prototype utilizing astaxanthin extracted from Haematococcus sp. through cutting-edge nanotechnology approaches. By employing sophisticated nanocarrier technologies, the study aims to significantly enhance the bioavailability, stability, and targeted delivery of astaxanthin in dermatological applications.
The research methodology integrates sophisticated microalgae biotechnology, advanced nanotechnology, and precision cosmeceutical formulation to create a high-performance, sustainable skincare solution. Critical investigation focuses on optimizing astaxanthin extraction protocols from Haematococcus sp., developing innovative nanoencapsulation techniques, and comprehensively evaluating the cream’s potential antioxidant, anti-aging, and skin protective properties.
Employing state-of-the-art analytical techniques, researchers will characterize the nanoscale carrier systems, assess their interaction with biological membranes, and validate their potential for enhanced dermal penetration. The proposed nanocarrier approach anticipates overcoming traditional limitations in astaxanthin delivery, such as poor solubility and rapid degradation, thereby maximizing the molecule’s therapeutic potential.
The project’s significance extends beyond product development, representing a paradigm shift in natural cosmeceutical innovation. By leveraging marine microalgae and advanced nanobiotechnology, the research promises to deliver a scientifically sophisticated, environmentally responsible skincare solution that bridges the gap between natural product efficacy and cutting-edge technological intervention.
Anticipated outcomes include a novel, 100% natural dermocosmetic cream with superior antioxidant capabilities, enhanced skin protective properties, and demonstrated potential for addressing age-related dermatological concerns through innovative nanobiotechnological approaches.

Abstract
The prolonged conflict in greater Darfur region, western Sudan since 2003 resulted in the displacement of about two million persons. The conflict and the successive waves of the interlay displaced peoples IDPs from the affected areas placed a large overburden on the already overstretched water resources. The current investigations focusing on to assess the available water resources to be expand and exploited for human settlements as fundamental roles for sustainable peace and development. The methods of investigations are mainly depends on the data acquired during the sector partner program guided by UNICEF and sectors partners working in Darfur region. They collect the data regards the groundwater and surface water through the monitoring program. These data including remote sensing data, hydrogeological, hydrological and watershed data that analyzed for to assess the performance of the available water resources to satisfy the human needs and development. Low level access to safe drinking water in IDPs locations since the majority of them are depending on groundwater as their main source of water needs. The issue of groundwater overuse/depletion at the IDPs locations is getting high level attention among the international humanitarian partners in Sudan, mainly because of the high concentration in areas with apparently limited groundwater storage. No valuable detail assessment for surface water resources for the region.  The average annual rainfall totals is estimated at 66 billion m³/year; approximately 85% is lost due to high evaporation rates, soil moisture and transpired by vegetation cover. The remaining value is 9.9 billion m³/year; 5% of it replenishes the groundwater aquifers and 10% becomes surface runoff into the neighboring regions. The water development strategies were urgently needed for to secure the growing water needs through; artificial recharge of groundwater and surface water harvesting through IWRM programs to sustain the communities’ peace and development.