Abstract
This study explores the exercise habits of community-dwelling older adults with chronic pain, examining the relation between pain, physical activity, daily life impacts, and psychological effects. Method: an online  cross-sectional survey and semi-structured interviews. Result: Findings revealed that exercise participation among those with chronic pain was significantly lower than in non-pain participants, particularly for those exercising more than three times weekly (p=0.012). Hypertension (59.64%) and arthritis (39.32%) were common among participants. Pain was mainly found in the lower back, legs, shoulders, and arms, severely affecting quality of life. Anxiety and depression are increasingly prevalent in this population. We found that social support and conducive environments can enhance exercise engagement. Discussion and Recommendation: interventions for older adults with chronic pain should address to boost exercise participation, at such, the use of intergenerational approach, ie, by involving younger generations to exercise with their older generations maybe an alternative to enhance exercise habits among both generations and could be promoted widely in the community.  Also, the use of peer volunteers to visit the older adults and encourage them to perform exercise togehter, as well as providing education and support to the informal caregivers who are taking care of older adults are of prominant imporatnce. We shall share our research experience and findings in the presentation.

Abstract:
Background: Fruits are a convenient and natural source of carbohydrates that can rapidly affect blood sugar levels and the glycemic index (GI). The GI plays a crucial role in the management of chronic diseases, including diabetes, obesity, hyperglycemia, and diet-related illnesses. Despite there being several health benefits linked with consuming fruits, it remains unclear which specific components of fruits are the key determinants that significantly influence the GI. Methods: This study retrospectively examined the relationship between different types of carbohydrates and the GI of various fruits to determine their correlation. The fruits’ sugar and fiber contents were identified from available public databases, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), FooDB, PubMed, and published sources. Results: Previously, the GI was determined by the available carbohydrates, which include different types of sugar. In this study, individual hexose sugars, along with the total carbohydrates and dietary fiber, were examined. The results indicated a strong correlation between fructose and the GI, whereas glucose and total glucose did not exhibit such a correlation. The total carbohydrate-to-fiber ratio displayed a stronger correlation (R = 0.57 and p > 0.0001) with the GI compared to glucose alone (R = 0.37; p = 0.01) or the total glucose (R = 0.45; p = 0.0009) with the consideration of fiber, while the scaering of data points around the regression line suggested that factors beyond the total carbohydrate and fiber also contribute to determining the GI. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that individual hexose sugars, especially fructose, significantly influence the GI. These findings suggest that the carbohydrate-to-fiber ratio may offer a more accurate and reliable metric for determining the GI than traditional methods. Further research is warranted to investigate the specific contribution of dietary fiber components, fruit texture, micronutrients, vitamins, genetic predispositions, gut microbiota, and the body’s physiological status to better understand GI regulation.

Abstract
Concussions are a significant concern in high school athletes. Implementation of effective baseline concussion testing procedures can aid athletic trainers and coaches with timely and accurate concussion diagnosis; as well as being used to develop a personalized treatment plan for post-concussion management. The purpose of this policy review was to: 1) identify the gap between the current baseline concussion testing policy and practices in the high schools throughout the state, 2) highlight opinions that support the importance of and need for mandatory baseline concussion testing in high school athletes, and 3) identify potential revisions to the present policy to change how baseline concussion testing is done. A mixedmethods approach was applied, utilizing a Qualtrics survey to gather data from high school athletic directors in the state. The survey assessed current testing practices, perceived barriers, and potential benefits regarding baseline concussion testing. Thirty-three responses were received, revealing current testing practices, potential benefits, and perceived barriers of baseline concussion testing. While acknowledging the potential challenges, respondents recognized the overall benefits of baseline testing for athletes who are concussed. The findings of this project underscore the desire for standardized baseline concussion testing procedures in high school athletes and were used to recommend revisions to the current policy for testing in the state. Revisions to the existing policy change has the potential to promote athlete safety, reduce the risk of long-term health consequences, and improve health outcomes for student athletes.

Abstract
The vulnerability of children and young people without parental care stems from the fact that their psychosocial development is marked by the deprivation of basic developmental needs, which often results in the emergence of behavioural problems, including risky behaviour. Foster families take on the role of corrective medium, determining and directing their psychosocial development. The paper aims to scientifically describe and explain the causal relationships between the foster family functioning model and adolescents’ risky behaviours in foster care. The research is designed as a transverse cross-section study that includes 150 active foster families. The 150th foster parent, the 150th foster adolescent, and 94 biological children of foster parents were surveyed. The following instruments were used: the Family Cohesion and Adaptability Assessment Scale (FACES IV), the Youth Risk Behavior Survey-Wisconsin 2013, and a purpose-built questionnaire for general foster care and foster care data. The results show that a high percentage of foster adolescents have risky behaviour (65.3%). In the risky behaviour of biological children and foster children, statistically significant differences were confirmed in three manifestations: alcohol consumption, sexual behaviour, and attitude towards school. Adolescents’ FACES can predict their manifestation of risky behaviour, and it is also possible to predict the safety and hetero-aggressive behaviour of biological children based on their and their mother’s FACES. Although more than 60% of the families represent highly functional family systems, existing protective potential foster families do not sufficiently suppress risk behaviour, so additional efforts should be made to identify their potential generators.