Biotechnology in immunotherapy and vaccines has revolutionized the way we treat infectious diseases, cancers, and immune-related disorders. Immunotherapy leverages the body’s immune system to target and destroy cancer cells or pathogens, with therapies like monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and CAR-T cell therapies showing remarkable success in cancer treatment. Biotechnology enables the development of engineered immune cells or antibodies that can precisely target specific antigens, improving treatment outcomes and reducing side effects. In vaccines, biotechnology has facilitated the design of more effective and safer vaccines, including mRNA vaccines, which provide rapid immunity with fewer complications. These innovations are pivotal in the fight against infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, and in developing personalized immunotherapies for cancer. As biotechnology continues to advance, it promises to provide more precise, tailored immunotherapies and vaccines, enhancing global health outcomes and combating a wide range of diseases.