Abstract

Analysis of the scientific literature of recent years has shown that there is still no clear understanding of the diagnostic value of age-dependent indicators. In addition, the possibilities of researching indicators of biological age predicting probable life expectancy are poorly understood. In this regard, clarifying the ability of individual and group-oriented markers of aging to reflect the state of health and the effect of pathologies on the body and their correction is a relevant direction of modern gerontology.

The purpose of this research is to study the age-related dynamics of some biochemical indicators of the body of centenerians and their relatives living in the Goychay district. For this purpose, some biochemical indicators were determined in the blood – the level of glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol , high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Also, the state of lipid peroxidation (LP) was determined by the content of hydroperoxides  and malondialdehyde (МDA), and  antioxidant enzyme  activity (AEА) – catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx).

The persons involved in the research received informed consent. First of all, people living in the Goychay district, belonging to the group of  centenarians, were registered. The subjects were aged between 45 and 99 years old, they were divided by gender and at the time of the examination they did not complain about their health.

The analysis of the obtained data showed that the studied biochemical indicators of the body reflected the pace of aging and the duration of the upcoming life expectancy to varying degrees.

Thus, the investigated biochemical indicators did not reveal such a high age dependence, being more stable and conservative to a greater extent. And, first of all, they reflected the stability of the homeostasis of the organism and, apparently, the probable length of life.

Abstract

Nanotechnology has recently appeared as an important study subject in modern material
sciences. Green synthesis of nanoparticles has gained the attention of reserachers because of its
integral characteristics such as effectiveness, eco-friendly, and low cost. Therefore, the present
study used an environmentally friendly green synthesis method to produce zinc oxide nanoparticles
from Olea africana plant extract. The transmission electron microscopy displayed rod-like,
spherical, hexagonal shape of the biosynthesized ZnO NPs, with the particles ranging from 20-80
nm. The surface morphology was determined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The
energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) study showed that the synthesized ZnO NPs showed a
high amount of zinc (55.67%), carbon (16.54%) and oxygen (22.29%) with a low amount of
nitrogen (5.3%) and sulphur (0.15%). The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) peak was found to be
at 513.31 cm-1
. Furthermore, the antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of the ZnO NPs was
determined. The biosynthesized ZnO NPs exhibited moderate scavenging capacity against DPPH
(47.8 % at 100 µg/mL) and nitric oxide (45.2% at 25 µg/ml). Conversely, the nanoparticles
demonstrated high hydroxyl radical scavenging with a maximum scavenging rate of 92.3 % (100
µg/mL). Additionally, the nanoparticles showed increased α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition
activity at 53.9 % (50 µg/mL) and 77.4% (12.5 µg/mL) respectively. The results of this study
suggest that ZnO NPs biosynthesized form Olea africana leaf extract could potentially inhibit postprandial hyperglycaemia and alleviate oxidative stress. However, further scientific validation is
required for the therapeutic use of the biosynthesized ZnO NPs.

Abstract

The derivatives of isatin have already been known to display a variety of biological activities. Therefore, the studies on their activity and its relation to structure have recently become a popular subject for investigation. During several years our team has been doing the characterization and researched the biological activity of rather a large number of isatin derivatives, in other words the isatin based Schiff bases, and all the results of significance obtained so far are presented in this survey study. The examined compounds were synthesized by the reaction of isatin and various substituted primary amines and characterized by several spectroscopic methods. The investigation of the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was performed by the agar dilution method. The antioxidative activity of some of the synthesized compounds was also determined.  As for the characterization of the investigated isatin based Schiff bases, the linear solvation energy relationships (LSER) were used to analyze the solvent influence on the UV absorption maxima shifts (ν_max), using the well known Kamlet–Taft model and taking geometrical isomers into consideration when possible. Linear free energy relationships (LFER) in the form of single substituent parameter equation (SSP) were used to analyse substituent effect on pK_a, NMR chemical shifts and the ν_max values.

Abstract

Radiotherapy remains a cornerstone in the management of oesophageal cancer, yet resistance to radiation significantly compromises treatment outcomes. This review aims to explore the intrinsic and extrinsic biological mechanisms underlying radiotherapy resistance in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC), with a focus on translational and therapeutic implications. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify peer-reviewed studies up to 2024 that investigated molecular and microenvironmental factors contributing to radioresistance in oesophageal cancer. Both preclinical and clinical studies were included. Data were synthesized and categorized based on cellular mechanisms and tumour microenvironmental influences. Key intrinsic mechanisms of resistance include the dysregulation of microRNAs (e.g., miR-31, miR-330-5p), TP53 mutations affecting DNA repair and apoptosis, and overactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. Extrinsic factors such as tumour hypoxia, pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6), immune cell evasion, and poor CD8+ T-cell infiltration further reduce radiosensitivity. Emerging strategies such as pathway-specific inhibitors, hypoxia-activated prodrugs, gene therapies, and miRNA modulation show promise in reversing these resistance mechanisms. Radiotherapy resistance in oesophageal cancer arises from complex interactions between tumour-intrinsic genetic alterations and extrinsic microenvironmental factors. Understanding these mechanisms is critical for developing personalized, resistance-targeted therapies. Future clinical approaches should integrate molecular profiling and immunologic context to overcome therapeutic resistance and improve patient outcomes.