Background:
Emerging zoonotic diseases continue to pose significant threats to animal health, public health, and global food security. More than 60% of infectious diseases affecting humans originate from animals, and environmental changes, urbanization, wildlife interactions, and climate change have accelerated the emergence and spread of these pathogens. The One Health approach recognizes that the health of humans, animals, and ecosystems is interconnected, making veterinary professionals essential in disease prevention and surveillance.
Objective:
To highlight the importance of zoonotic diseases in veterinary medicine and emphasize the critical role of veterinarians within the One Health framework in preventing disease transmission and protecting both animal and public health.
Methods:
This presentation is based on a narrative review of recent scientific literature published in peer-reviewed veterinary and public health journals, together with reports from international organizations including the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Current evidence regarding emerging zoonotic diseases, surveillance strategies, diagnostic approaches, vaccination programs, and preventive veterinary practices was analyzed.
Results:
The reviewed literature demonstrates that early veterinary surveillance, rapid diagnosis, vaccination, biosecurity measures, and interdisciplinary collaboration substantially reduce the risk of zoonotic disease outbreaks. Successful implementation of One Health strategies improves disease control while strengthening food safety and public health preparedness.
Conclusion:
Veterinarians play a fundamental role in detecting, preventing, and controlling emerging zoonotic diseases. Strengthening One Health collaborations among veterinary, medical, and environmental professionals is essential for protecting animal welfare, human health, and sustainable ecosystems.