Scientific sessions

Neonatal Intensive Care provides specialized treatment for premature and critically ill newborns. Advanced monitoring systems track vital signs like heart rate, breathing, and oxygen levels in real time. This allows for early detection of problems and timely intervention. A skilled team of doctors and nurses ensures constant care. These technologies improve survival and support healthy development in fragile newborns.

Respiratory disorders are common in newborns, especially premature babies, due to underdeveloped lungs. Conditions like respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, and apnea require immediate care. Treatment may include oxygen therapy, ventilators, or surfactant medication. Early diagnosis and advanced support improve breathing and outcomes. Proper respiratory care is crucial for newborn survival and development.

Neonatal sepsis is a serious infection in newborns that can spread rapidly and become life-threatening. Early signs include fever, poor feeding, and lethargy. Prompt diagnosis and antibiotic treatment are critical for survival. Strict infection control practices in hospitals help prevent its spread. Timely care and hygiene play a key role in protecting vulnerable newborns.

Premature birth occurs before 37 weeks of pregnancy and poses several health challenges for the newborn, including breathing issues, feeding difficulties, and infections. These babies often require specialized care in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). Management includes temperature regulation, respiratory support, and proper nutrition. Early intervention and close monitoring improve outcomes and support healthy growth and development.

Neonatal nutrition is vital for growth, development, and recovery in newborns, especially preterm babies. Breast milk is the preferred source, offering essential nutrients and immunity. When needed, fortified milk or special formulas are used. Feeding strategies may include tube or bottle feeding based on the baby’s condition. Proper nutrition in the early days supports long-term health and development.

Congenital anomalies are structural or functional defects present at birth, affecting organs like the heart, brain, or limbs. Early diagnosis through prenatal scans or newborn screenings helps plan timely treatment. Some conditions may need surgery, while others are managed with therapy or medication. Multidisciplinary care improves outcomes and quality of life. Early intervention is key for better development and support.

Brain development in newborns is rapid and critical for future learning, movement, and behavior. Neonatal neurology focuses on identifying and managing conditions like seizures, brain injuries, and developmental delays. Early screening and advanced imaging help detect issues early. Timely intervention supports better outcomes. Healthy brain growth is essential for a child’s overall development and well-being.

Jaundice is common in newborns and occurs due to high bilirubin levels in the blood. Advances in treatment, such as phototherapy with LED lights and better monitoring tools, have made management safer and more effective. Early detection helps prevent complications like brain damage. Most cases are mild and resolve with proper care. Modern approaches ensure faster recovery and improved outcomes.

Neonatal cardiology focuses on diagnosing and treating heart conditions in newborns, such as congenital heart defects. Early detection through fetal and neonatal echocardiography is crucial for timely care. Interventions may include medications, catheter procedures, or surgery, depending on the severity. Prompt treatment improves survival and long-term heart health. A specialized team ensures safe, effective care for these fragile patients.

Newborn screening and early detection programs help identify serious health conditions in babies soon after birth. These include metabolic, genetic, and hormonal disorders that may not show symptoms initially. Early diagnosis allows timely treatment, preventing complications and improving outcomes. Simple blood, hearing, and heart tests are commonly used. These programs play a vital role in giving newborns a healthy start in life.

Childhood immunization protects children from serious infectious diseases like measles, polio, and hepatitis. New vaccines and updated schedules continue to improve protection and coverage. Immunization not only saves lives but also reduces the spread of disease in communities. Regular updates ensure safety and effectiveness. Vaccines are a vital part of healthy child development and public health.

Paediatric infectious diseases include illnesses like measles, flu, chickenpox, and pneumonia, which can spread quickly among children. Vaccines play a crucial role in preventing these infections and protecting public health. Timely immunization strengthens a child’s immune system and reduces serious complications. Early diagnosis and treatment are also key to recovery. Vaccination is a safe and effective way to keep children healthy.

Growth and development in children refer to physical, emotional, social, and cognitive changes as they age. Monitoring height, weight, speech, and motor skills helps identify normal progress or delays. Proper nutrition, a safe environment, and emotional support are key factors. Early detection of issues allows timely intervention. Healthy development builds a strong foundation for a child’s future.

Paediatric allergy and asthma management focuses on identifying and controlling triggers like dust, pollen, or food. Common symptoms include sneezing, rashes, wheezing, and breathing difficulty. Treatment includes medications, inhalers, and avoiding allergens. Early diagnosis and proper care help prevent severe attacks. Ongoing monitoring ensures better control and improves the child’s quality of life.

Childhood obesity is a growing health concern linked to poor diet, lack of exercise, and unhealthy habits. It increases the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and other lifestyle disorders at a young age. Early intervention through balanced nutrition, physical activity, and family support is key. Educating children and parents promotes long-term healthy living. Preventing obesity helps ensure better growth and overall well-being.

Pediatric emergency care focuses on the rapid assessment and treatment of critically ill or injured children. It requires specialized skills and equipment tailored to children’s needs. Common emergencies include respiratory distress, seizures, trauma, and infections. Quick, accurate response is vital to stabilize the child and prevent complications. Trained teams ensure timely, life-saving care in high-stress situations.

Rare paediatric diseases are serious conditions that affect a small number of children, often with genetic causes. These illnesses can be hard to diagnose and treat. Orphan drugs are special medicines developed to treat such rare diseases. Though research is limited, new advances offer hope for better care and outcomes. Early diagnosis and access to these treatments are key to improving children’s lives.

Pediatric pain management and palliative care focus on relieving pain and improving quality of life for children with serious illnesses. It involves physical, emotional, and psychological support tailored to each child’s needs. Techniques include medications, therapy, and comfort-focused care. Palliative care also supports families through difficult times. The goal is to ensure dignity, comfort, and compassionate care throughout the journey.

Pediatric endocrinology deals with hormone-related and metabolic disorders in children, such as diabetes, growth issues, thyroid problems, and obesity. These conditions affect growth, development, and overall health. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are essential for managing symptoms and preventing complications. Care is tailored to the child’s age and needs, often involving lifestyle changes and medication. Ongoing monitoring supports healthy growth and development.

Child and adolescent mental health focuses on emotional, behavioral, and developmental well-being. Common issues include anxiety, depression, ADHD, and learning difficulties. Early support through counseling, therapy, and family involvement is key to healthy development. Schools, communities, and healthcare providers play a vital role in identifying and managing mental health concerns. Promoting mental wellness helps children grow into resilient, confident adults.

Pediatric oncology has seen major progress with new therapies improving survival and quality of life. Targeted treatments, immunotherapy, and advanced chemotherapy are helping fight childhood cancers more effectively. Personalized medicine based on genetic testing is guiding more accurate care. Less invasive techniques reduce side effects and support faster recovery. These advances offer new hope to children and families facing cancer.

Advances in pediatric surgery and anesthesia have greatly improved outcomes and safety for children. Minimally invasive techniques, like laparoscopy, reduce pain and recovery time. Modern anesthesia methods are tailored to a child’s age and size, ensuring better control and fewer side effects. Enhanced imaging and surgical tools allow for more precise procedures. These innovations help children heal faster with fewer complications.

Pediatric nephrology focuses on diagnosing and treating kidney-related issues in children, such as urinary tract infections, nephrotic syndrome, and congenital kidney disorders. Since children’s kidneys are still developing, early detection and proper care are crucial. Treatments include medication, dietary changes, and in severe cases, dialysis or transplant. Maintaining good kidney health supports overall growth and development. Regular monitoring helps prevent long-term complications.

Pediatric cardiology deals with heart conditions in infants and children. Innovations like 3D imaging, minimally invasive surgeries, and fetal heart monitoring have greatly improved diagnosis and treatment. Advances in genetics also help identify congenital heart defects early. These technologies allow for safer procedures and better long-term outcomes. Modern care is now more precise, less invasive, and child-friendly.

Pediatric gastroenterology focuses on digestive and liver problems in children. Common issues include abdominal pain, constipation, food allergies, and reflux. Liver disorders like hepatitis and biliary atresia require early diagnosis and specialized care. Children need age-appropriate treatment as their digestive systems are still developing. Timely intervention helps improve growth, nutrition, and overall health.

Genetics and precision medicine in paediatrics aim to provide personalized care based on a child’s genetic makeup. By understanding inherited conditions and gene mutations, doctors can diagnose diseases earlier and choose targeted treatments. This approach is especially helpful in managing rare disorders and developmental issues. Genetic testing also helps guide family planning and future health risks. Precision medicine is shaping the future of child healthcare with more accurate and effective care.

Pediatric dermatology focuses on diagnosing and treating skin conditions in children. Common issues include eczema, diaper rash, birthmarks, and acne. Rare conditions, such as genetic skin disorders and autoimmune diseases, require specialized care. Children’s skin is more sensitive, so treatments are tailored carefully. Early diagnosis and proper management are key to preventing complications and ensuring healthy skin development.

Technology and AI are transforming pediatric healthcare by improving diagnosis, treatment, and patient monitoring. AI tools help detect diseases early, personalize care, and support clinical decisions. Wearable devices and mobile apps make it easier to track a child’s health in real time. Robotics and telemedicine also enhance access to care, especially in remote areas. These innovations help doctors provide safer, faster, and more accurate care for children.

Global health initiatives for children aim to improve child survival, development, and well-being worldwide. These programs focus on reducing infant mortality, improving nutrition, expanding vaccination, and ensuring access to clean water and healthcare. Organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and various NGOs work together to support vulnerable children, especially in low-resource countries. Education, disease prevention, and maternal care are also key parts of these efforts. The goal is to give every child a healthy start and a brighter future.

Ethical challenges in paediatric and neonatal care often involve complex decisions about life-sustaining treatments, parental consent, and the best interests of the child. In many cases, healthcare providers must balance medical recommendations with family values, cultural beliefs, and emotional responses. Issues such as end-of-life care, quality of life, and resource limitations add further complexity. These situations require clear.