Abstract

The global energy transition requires reliable, low-carbon, and scalable energy sources capable of strengthening energy security while supporting sustainable development. In this context, nuclear energy stands out as a strategic component of future energy systems due to its ability to provide stable and continuous electricity generation with very low greenhouse gas emissions during operation. This paper analyzes the role of nuclear energy in the energy transition as a sustainable pillar for a low-carbon future, highlighting its complementarity with renewable sources such as hydropower, solar, and wind energy. The study discusses the contribution of nuclear power to decarbonization, grid stability, and long-term energy planning, particularly in scenarios marked by increasing electricity demand and the need to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. The research adopts a qualitative and bibliographic approach, based on technical reports, scientific publications, and institutional documents from organizations such as the IAEA, IEA, NEA, and WNA. It also examines technological developments, including Generation IV reactors, Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), and nuclear fusion, as well as key challenges related to nuclear safety, radioactive waste management, public perception, financing, and regulatory governance. The findings indicate that nuclear energy can play a significant role in achieving climate and energy security goals when integrated with renewable energy sources and supported by transparent policies, robust regulatory frameworks, and long-term institutional planning