Abstract

Decentralized digital identity is a key foundation for user autonomy and trusted interactions in Web 3.0. However, its adoption faces challenges in cross-application authentication, privacy protection, interoperability, and verification at scale. This report presents a trusted governance architecture that integrates cross-domain authentication, minimal disclosure of identity attributes, and scalable verification. First, a decentralized authentication scheme combines multidimensional reputation assessment with threshold attribute signatures to support flexible authentication across decentralized applications and enhance resistance to forgery, collusion, and replay attacks. Second, an identity framework based on decentralized identifiers and hierarchical verifiable credentials combines selective disclosure with zero-knowledge proofs to enable fine-grained authorization. In healthcare data sharing, blockchain and smart contracts support transparent authorization and auditable data exchange while protecting sensitive information. Third, a transaction allocation strategy for blockchain state sharding evaluates processing capabilities and transaction value, and combines adaptive allocation with incentives and penalties to improve load distribution, throughput, and latency for large-scale identity verification. Together, these approaches provide a technical foundation for trusted identity governance that balances user autonomy, privacy, auditability, and efficiency. The report concludes with future directions in cross-chain interoperability, the balance between privacy and accountability, and applications beyond Web 3.0.