Abstract

Hyacinthus orientalis L. is an ornamental temperate bulbous crop that is highly used in temperate and subtropical climatic regions of the world due to its high and distinct fragrance, colours and early blooming habit. It is frequently forced to flower at Christmas time. Nowadays floriculture industry is growing at a 10% annual growth rate, and temperate bulbous crops are in high demand all over the world due to their breezy, flowering beauty. This review synthesizes existing literature on the botanical character, propagation techniques, physiological characteristics, and postharvest performance of hyacinth. This study also highlighted advancements in breeding, biotechnology, and cultivar development aimed at improving aesthetic appeal, stress tolerance, and shelf life. Furthermore, the ecological and economic aspects of hyacinth emerged in India and were commercialized in the World floriculture industry. By consolidating current knowledge, this review aims to guide researchers, horticulturists, floriculturists and industrialists in optimizing hyacinth production and exploring its untapped potential in sustainable floriculture.